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Please keep in mind your purpose for trying to find out if someone is doing alcohol and/or drugs- To Identify and Help rather than Catch and Punish.

General: General and specific guides to detection of alcohol and drug use, and definition of addiction.

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Contents:I. General Guide to Detection

II. Definition of Addiction

III. Pupil Dilation

IV. Signs and Symptoms

V. Paraphernalia a) S/S Chart Version

VI. Drug Facts

VII. Articles and Other Resources

VIII. Drug Pictures/Resources

IX. Topics

X. Additional Articles (Alcoholism, Drugs, Teenage Addiction, Interventions)

XI. Overdose and Emergency Intervention Techniques

I. Specific: General Guide to Detection

Abrupt changes in work or school attendance, quality of work, work output, grades, discipline.

Unusual flare-ups or outbreaks of temper. Withdrawal from responsibility. General changes in overall attitude. Deterioration of physical appearance and grooming.

Wearing of sunglasses at inappropriate times. Continual wearing of long-sleeved garments particularly in hot weather or reluctance to wear short sleeved attire when appropriate. Association with known substance abusers. Unusual borrowing of money from friends, co-workers or parents. Stealing small items from employer, home or school. Secretive behavior regarding actions and possessions; poorly concealed attempts to avoid attention and suspicion such as frequent trips to storage rooms, restroom, basement, etc.

II. Specific: DSM-IV Definition of Addiction

A maladaptive pattern of substance use, leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by three (or more) of the following, occurring at any time in the same 12-month period:

(1) Tolerance, as defined by either of the following:

a. A need for markedly increased amounts of the substance to achieve intoxication or desired effect.

b. Markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance.

(2) Withdrawal, as manifested by either of the following:

a. The characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the substance

b. The same (or a closely related) substance is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms. (

3) The substance is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended (loss of control).

(4) There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control substance use (loss of control). (

5) A great deal of time is spent on activities necessary to obtain the substance, use the substance, or recover from its effects (preoccupation).

(6) Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of substance use (continuation despite adverse consequences).

(7) The substance use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by the substance (adverse consequences).

III. Specific: Pupil Dilation

Before you do anything, consider this. There are two trains of thought prior to detection and intervention. One thought is to catch and punish, and the other is to identify and help- remember why you are doing this, and the intervention will turn out much better.

Note: A 6mm, 7mm, or 8mm pupil size could indicate that a person is under the influence of cocaine, crack, and meth, hallucinogens, crystal, ecstasy, or other stimulant. A 1mm or 2mm pupil size could indicate a person under the influence of heroin, opiates, or other depressant. A pupil close to pinpoint could indicate use. A pupil completely dilated could indicate use. Blown out wide pupils are indicative of crack, methamphetamine, cocaine, and stimulant use. Pinpoint pupils are indicative of heroin, opiate, depressant use.

Other causes of pupil dilation

IV. Specific: Signs and Symptoms

Alcohol: Odor on the breath. Intoxication. Difficulty focusing: glazed appearance of the eyes. Uncharacteristically passive behavior; or combative and argumentative behavior. Gradual (or sudden in adolescents) deterioration in personal appearance and hygiene. Gradual development of dysfunction, especially in job performance or schoolwork. Absenteeism (particularly on Monday). Unexplained bruises and accidents. Irritability. Flushed skin. Loss of memory (blackouts). Availability and consumption of alcohol becomes the focus of social or professional activities. Changes in peer-group associations and friendships. Impaired interpersonal relationships (troubled marriage, unexplainable termination of deep relationships, alienation from close family members).

Marijuana/Pot: Rapid, loud talking and bursts of laughter linearly stages of intoxication. Sleepy or stupor in the later stages. Forgetfulness in conversation. Inflammation in whites of eyes; pupils unlikely to be dilated. Odor similar to burnt rope on clothing or breath. Tendency to drive slowly – below speed limit. Distorted sense of time passage – tendency to overestimate time intervals. Use or possession of paraphernalia including roach clip, packs of rolling papers, pipes or bongs. Marijuana users are difficult to recognize unless they are under the influence of the drug at the time of observation. Casual users may show none of the general symptoms. Marijuana does have a distinct odor and may be the same color or a bit greener than tobacco.

Cocaine/Crack/Methamphetamines/Stimulants: Extremely dilated pupils. Dry mouth and nose, bad breath, frequent lip licking. Excessive activity, difficulty sitting still, lack of interest in food or sleep. Irritable, argumentative, nervous. Talkative, but conversation often lacks continuity; changes subjects rapidly. Runny nose, cold or chronic sinus/nasal problems, nose bleeds. Use or possession of paraphernalia including small spoons, razor blades, mirror, little bottles of white powder and plastic, glass or metal straws.

Depressants: Symptoms of alcohol intoxication with no alcohol odor on breath (remember that depressants are frequently used with alcohol). Lack of facial expression or animation. Flat affect. Flaccid appearance. Slurred speech. Note: There are few readily apparent symptoms. Abuse may be indicated by activities such as frequent visits to different physicians for prescriptions to treat” nervousness”, “anxiety”,” stress”, etc.

Narcotics/Prescription Drugs/Opium/Heroin/Codeine/Oxycontin: Lethargy, drowsiness. Constricted pupils fail to respond to light. Redness and raw nostrils from inhaling heroin in power form. Scars (tracks) on inner arms or other parts of body, from needle injections. Use or possession of paraphernalia, including syringes, bent spoons, bottle caps, eyedroppers, rubber tubing, cotton and needles. Slurred speech. While there may be no readily apparent symptoms of analgesic abuse, it may be indicated by frequent visits to different physicians or dentists for prescriptions to treat pain of non-specific origin. In cases where patient has chronic pain and abuse of medication is suspected, it may be indicated by amounts and frequency taken.

Inhalants: Substance odor on breath and clothes. Runny nose. Watering eyes. Drowsiness or unconsciousness. Poor muscle control. Prefers group activity to being alone. Presence of bags or rags containing dry plastic cement or other solvent at home, in locker at school or at work. Discarded whipped cream, spray paint or similar chargers (users of nitrous oxide). Small bottles labeled” incense” (users of butyl nitrite).

Solvents, Aerosols, Glue, Petrol: Nitrous Oxide – laughing gas, whippits, nitrous. Amyl Nitrate – snappers, poppers, pearlers, rushamie, .Butyl Nitrate – locker room, bolt, bullet, rush, climax, red gold. Slurred speech, impaired coordination, nausea, vomiting, slowed breathing. Brain damage, pains in the chest, muscles, joints, heart trouble, severe depression, fatigue, loss of appetite, bronchial spasm, sores on nose or mouth, nosebleeds, diarrhea, bizarre or reckless behavior, sudden death, suffocation.

LSD/Hallucinogens: Extremely dilated pupils, (see note below). Warm skin, excessive perspiration and body odor. Distorted sense of sight, hearing, touches; distorted image of self and time perception. Mood and behavior changes, the extent depending on emotional state of the user and environmental conditions Unpredictable flashback episodes even long after withdrawal (although these are rare). Hallucinogenic drugs, which occur both naturally and in synthetic form, distort or disturb sensory input, sometimes to a great degree. Hallucinogens occur naturally in primarily two forms, (peyote) cactus and psilocybin mushrooms.

Several chemical varieties have been synthesized, most notably, MDA , STP, and PCP. Hallucinogen usage reached a peaking the United States in the late 1960’s, but declined shortly thereafter due to a broader awareness of the detrimental effects of usage. However, a disturbing trend indicating resurgence in hallucinogen usage by high school and college age persons nationwide has been acknowledged by law enforcement. With the exception of PCP, all hallucinogens seem to share common effects of use. Any portion of sensory perceptions may be altered to varying degrees. Synesthesia, or the “seeing” of sounds, and the “hearing” of colors, is a common side effect of hallucinogen use. Depersonalization, acute anxiety, and acute depression resulting in suicide have also been noted as a result of hallucinogen use. Note: there are some forms of hallucinogens that are considered downers and constrict pupil diameters.

PCP: Unpredictable behavior; mood may swing from passiveness to violence for no apparent reason. Symptoms of intoxication. Disorientation; agitation and violence if exposed to excessive sensory stimulation. Fear, terror. Rigid muscles. Strange gait. Deadened sensory perception (may experience severe injuries while appearing not to notice). Pupils may appear dilated. Mask like facial appearance. Floating pupils, appear to follow a moving object. Comatose (unresponsive) if large amount consumed. Eyes may be open or closed.

Ecstasy: Confusion, depression, headaches, dizziness (from hangover/after effects), muscle tension, panic attacks, paranoia, possession of pacifiers (used to stop jaw clenching), lollipops, candy necklaces, mentholated vapor rub, severe anxiety, sore jaw (from clenching teeth after effects), vomiting or nausea (from hangover/after effects)

Signs that your teen could be high on Ecstasy: Blurred vision, rapid eye movement, pupil dilation, chills or sweating, high body temperature, sweating profusely, dehydrated, confusion, faintness, paranoia or severe anxiety, trance-like state, transfixed on sites and sounds, unconscious clenching of the jaw, grinding teeth, very affectionate.

V. DRUG SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

Stimulants (Cocaine, Ecstasy, Meth., Crystal)

Depressants (Heroin, Marijuana, Downers)

Hallucinogens (LSD)

Narcotics (Rx. Medications)

Inhalants (Paint, Gasoline, White Out)

PCP

Alcohol

Note: Paraphernalia- Keep in mind, that you may not find drugs, if you are searching for them, but you can usually find the paraphernalia associated with use.

VI. Specific: Drug Facts

Includes identifiers, definitions, language of users and dealers. Drug Terms Slang and Street Terms

VII. Specific: Articles and Other Resources

This the additional information for brain chemistry and the drug user)

VIII. Specific: Drug Pictures/Resources from the DEA

CHEMICAL CONTROL

INTRODUCTION TO DRUG CLASSES

NARCOTICS Narcotics of Natural Origin

Opium, Morphine, Codeine, Thebaine

Semi-Synthetic Narcotics

Heroin Hydromorphone Oxycodone Hydrododone

Synthetic Narcotics

Meperidine

Narcotics Treatment Drugs

Methadone Dextroproxyphene Fentanyl Pentazocine Butorphanol

DEPRESSANTS Barbiturates

Controlled Substances Uses and Effects (Chart) Benzodiazepines Gamma

Hydroxybutric AcidParaldehyde, Chloral HydrateGlutethimide 7

MethaqualoneMeprobamate

Newly Marketed Drugs

STIMULANTS Cocaine Amphetamines

Methcathinone, Methylphenidate

ANORECTIC DRUGS hat

CANNABIS Marijuana Hashish Hashish Oil

HALLUCINOGENS LSD Psilocybin & Psiocyn and Other Tryptamines Peyote & Mescaline MDMA (Ecstasy) & Other Phenethylamines Phencyclidine (PCP) & Related Drugs Ketamine

STEROIDS

INHALANTS

IX. Specific: NICD Topics

Do you have questions relating to addiction /addictions / substance abuse? Contact us…Health Info and Videos Medical issues updated weekly. Family Resources for the family, intervention information, support, and counseling. Medical information, doctor and specialists directory, terminology and dictionary of terms. Treatment.

The Villa at Scottsdale- Providing a full continuum of care for the treatment of alcoholism and drug addiction.

Alcohol and Drug Addiction Survival Kit

General: A series, for the individual, family, friends, employers, educators, professionals, etc. on prevention, intervention, treatment, recovery, relapse prevention, support, and other issues relating to alcoholism and drug addiction.

1. Prevention- Includes tips on how to talk to your kids about alcohol, tobacco, and drugs.

2. Detection of Signs and Symptoms- A guide to detection of alcohol and various drug usage.

3. Definition of Addiction- A DSM-IV definition of exactly what constitutes alcoholism and drug addiction.

4. Intervention- Interventions can and do work. We will show you how to do it effectively.

5. Treatment & Housing- A treatment center and halfway house locator.

6. Support- Some guides to how to support someone while they are in treatment.

7. After Care- What to do prior to and after release from treatment.

8. Recovery / Relapse Prevention- Addiction can surface again, in the form of relapse.

9. Other Issues- Issues to think about regarding those affected by substance abuse, as well as those around them.

10. References- A list of those who contributed to this series of articles.

Articles Medical Today Dr. William Gallagher takes us through his use of DNFT with his patients. Psychotherapy Today Psychologist Jim Maclaine keeps us up to date with his articles of insight, therapy, and healing. Counseling Today Therapist Thom Rutledge gives a creative approach to dealing with life on life’s terms via his unique counseling sessions. Big Book Bytes Author Shelly Marshall shares via the Big Book on issues of concern to those in recovery. All pages are set-up to copy, for use by counselors, professionals, sponsors, and others.

Recovery Today Interviews of people in recovery, about alcoholism, drug abuse, addictions, recovery, sobriety, spirituality, wisdom, experience, strength, and hope. Tune in monthly for new articles!

A.A. History Author Dick B. will take you back to a time when the recovery rates were as high as 93%.

Journaling Today A series of informative articles by Author Doreene Clementon how, why, and what to write about.

Spirituality Today Author Carol Tuttle takes us to new heights on our spiritual journey.

Articles of God and Faith Features 100’s of topics relating to God, faith, spirituality, and more.

Life Today Everyday life experiences from people all over the world. Life, Addictions, Recovery, Hope, Inspiration, Wisdom, Advice, and so much more. Tune in on a regular basis to see what others have and are going through. Find hope from the experiences of others.

Steps Today Recovery Peer and Advisory Board Member Dean G. gives creative approach to dealing with life on life’s terms via his unique recovery sessions.

Step Work / Relapse Prevention This service is designed to assist with step work, with quotes and pages from the Big Book, with forms ready to copy and utilize. There is a section devoted to relapse prevention as well.

X. Specific: Additional Articles

Health and Medical News, videos, text from the world of medicine, health, and medical.

Ecstasy information.

How Do I Talk With My Kids About Alcohol?

How Do I talk to my kids about drugs?

How Do I talk with my teenager about drugs and alcohol?

What does a crack pipe look like?

Family assistance for substance abuse.

Addiction treatment for my teenager.

Overdose or OD Information

XI. Specific: Overdose & Emergency Intervention Techniques

Drug Overdose- Drug overdoses can be accidental or on purpose. The amount of a drug needed to cause an overdose varies with the type of drug and the person taking it. Overdoses from prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, “street” drugs, and/or alcohol can be life threatening. Know, too, that mixing certain medications or “street” drugs with alcohol can also kill.

Physical symptoms of a drug overdose vary with the type of drug(s) taken. They include: Abnormal breathing Slurred speech Lack of coordination Slow or rapid pulse Low or elevated body temperature Enlarged or small eye pupils Reddish face Heavy sweating Drowsiness Violent outbursts Delusions and/or hallucinations Unconsciousness which may lead to coma (Note: A diabetic who takes insulin may show some of the above symptoms if he or she is having an insulin reaction.)

Parents need to watch for signs of illegal drug and alcohol use in their children. Morning hangovers, the odor of alcohol, and red streaks in the whites of the eyes are obvious signs of alcohol use. Items such as pipes, rolling papers, eye droppers and butane lighters may be the first telling clues that someone is abusing drugs. Another clue is behavior changes such as: Lack of appetite Insomnia Hostility Mental confusion Depression Mood swings Secretive behavior Social isolation Deep sleep Hallucinations.

Prevention- Accidental prescription and over-the-counter medication overdoses may be prevented by asking your doctor or pharmacist: What is the medication and why is it being prescribed? How and when should the medication be taken and for how long? (Follow the instructions exactly as given.) Can the medication be taken with other medicines or alcohol or not? Are there any foods to avoid while taking this medication? What are the possible side effects? What are the symptoms of an overdose and what should be done if it occurs? Should any activities be avoided such as sitting in the sun, operating heavy machinery, driving? Should the medicine still be taken if there is a pre-existing medical condition?

To avoid medication overdoses: Never take a medicine prescribed for someone else. Never give or take medication in the dark. Before each dose, always read the label on the bottle to be certain it is the correct medication. Always tell the doctor of any previous side effects or adverse reactions to medication as well as new and unusual symptoms that occur after taking the medicine. Always store medications in bottles with childproof lids and place those bottles on high shelves, out of a child’s reach, or in locked cabinets. Take the prescribed dose, not more. Keep medications in their original containers to discourage illicit drug use among children: Set a good example for your children by not using drugs yourself. Teach your child to say “NO” to drugs and alcohol. Explain the dangers of drug use, including the risk of AIDS. Get to know your children’s friends and their parents. Know where your children are and whom they are with. Listen to your children and help them to express their feelings and fears. Encourage your children to engage in healthy activities such as sports, scouting, community-based youth programs and volunteer work. Learn to recognize the signs of drug and alcohol abuse.

Questions to Ask:

Is the person not breathing and has no pulse? FIRST AID Perform Cyprinids the person not breathing, but has a pulse? FIRST AID Perform Rescue Breathing AND is the person unconscious? FIRST AID lay the victim down on his or her left side and check airway, breathing and pulse often before emergency care. Do CPR or Rescue Breathing as needed. ANDdoes the person have any of these signs? Hallucinations Confusion Convulsions Breathing slow and shallow and/or slurring their words

Do you suspect the person has taken an overdose of drugs? FIRST AID Call Poison Control Center. Follow the Poison Control Center’s instructions. Approach the victim calmly and carefully. Walk the person around to keep him or her awake and to help the syrup of ipecac work faster, if you were told to give this to the victim. Also, see “Poisoning”. AND is the person’s personality suddenly hostile, violent and aggressive? FIRST AID Use caution. Protect yourself. Do not turn your back to the victim or move suddenly in front of him or her. If you can, see that the victim does not harm you, himself or herself. Remember, the victim is under the influence of a drug. Call the police to assist you if you cannot handle the situation. Leave and find a safe place to stay until the police arrive. AND Have you or someone else accidentally taken more than the prescribed dose of a prescription or over-the-counter medication? DO NOT perform any technique unless it is a matter of life and death! If you are unsure of what you are doing, please follow the instructions given by a 911 operator.

Note: If doctor is not available, call Poison Control Center. Follow instructions given.

Signs and Symptoms of Substance Abuse-Overdose Assistance

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One of the most famous Christmas carols of all time would have to be ‘Silent Night.’ Its simple and soothing melody and lyrics have made it popular with young and old around the world. The first line of “Silent night, holy night” is well known, but how well known is the history behind this timeless classic? Let’s take a brief look at the creation of the ‘Silent Night’ song.

The Christmas carol originated in Austria, and was originally written in German, with the title “Stille Nacht, Heilige Nacht”. In 1816, a young priest by the name of Joseph Mohr wrote the German words for the original six stanzas of the carol, while assigned to a pilgrimage church in Mariapfarr, Austria.

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On Christmas Eve, 1818, Joseph Mohr journeyed to the home of headmaster Franz Xaver Gruber who lived in an apartment over the schoolhouse in nearby Arnsdorf. Gruber was the church choir director, so Mohr showed him the poem he had written and asked Gruber to add a melody and guitar accompaniment so that it could be sung at Midnight Mass. The ‘Silent Night’ sheet music and chords were written by Gruber, to be played on guitar, with the lyrics by Mohr.

Later that evening, the two men, backed by the choir, stood in front of the main altar in St. Nicholas Church (Nikolaus-Kirche) in Oberndorf and sang “Stille Nacht! Heilige Nacht!” for the first time. They could hardly imagine the impact their composition would have on the world.

It wasn’t until 1859, that John Freeman Young published the English version of ‘Silent Night’, which is most commonly sung today. ‘Silent Night, Holy Night’ has been such a popular song around the world, that it has been translated into over 44 different languages.

More recently, the Christmas carol has been covered by numerous artists, including Enya, Mariah Carey, and Stevie Nicks, to name a few. Why not pay tribute to this timeless classic by singing your own version this Christmas!

Silent Night, Holy Night – The History

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I’m Hispanic, and I grew up in the worst part of Albuquerque, New Mexico (USA), where BOTH sides of the railroad tracks, were the wrong side to come from. Just three doors down from the railroad yards, which everyone knows that railroads are dangerous, filthy, and noisy places!

The neighborhood was mostly Hispanic and Black, and it was a place where fear ruled! I lived in this dreadful neighborhood for fourteen years of my life, and during this time, I was always looking over my shoulder, which was a way of life for me! Gangs; drunks; prostitutes; drug dealers; miss-fits; winos; beggars; and hobos who would jump off the trains and comb the neighborhoods for food and money! Other than that, this was a nice place for a young kid to grow up!

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During this time in my life, I didn’t speak the English language well (still don’t), and because of this, I had to learn how to speak the language at a young age. I spoke a mixture of English and Spanish, which was called…Spang-lish…and, I made up words as I went along.

When I was fourteen, my family moved out of this black hole, and into the heights of Albuquerque, where the housing division was named “Snow Heights.” And, snow white it was, as it was mostly a White neighborhood, and coming from a mostly Hispanic and Black neighborhood, this was certainly a culture shock for me! Kids can be rude and tough, when it comes to teasing, and kids teased me all the time, because I didn’t speak English well.

So, speaking Spanish was put on the back-burner, as I had to concentrate on learning to speak and write English. But, being able to understand and speak Spanish, has always been of benefit to me. The most terrible thing about not speaking English well, was when I had to participate in a class discussion or give an oral book report. I was devastated the first time I got in front of the class and did a book report! Kids were sneering and laughing at me, and this would have an affect on me in the future. The problem would plague me throughout middle school and high school

Month by month and year by year, I would listen to others speak, and I learned from them how words were pronounced. I wanted to learn to speak and write the English language as well as I could, but I knew it would be a tough road. Writing the English language was not so tough on me, because only my teacher would see my work, etc.

Many years later, when I was in my forties, I took and completed two writing correspondence courses, and a creative writing class at the University of New Mexico, to try to improve my writing skills. I wanted to pursue writing in the future and to write articles and a book I’m working on. Writing is something I can do until I hang up my tennis shoes, and computers today make it much easier. By completing the two writing courses, it gave me confidence to put up my website without hesitation, etc.

In writing my final paper for one of the correspondence courses, I wrote a spoof on the English language, and it was rejected by my instructor. My instructor has a Ph.D in communications, probably loves the written word, and apparently he didn’t find anything amusing about the piece. I happen to be in the humor business for forty years, and I find the English language humorous at times…when spoken and written.

When kids grow up and learn to speak the English language, it can be hilarious! An example, was when my son, Jason, was growing up and he was about 3 or 4 years old, and I’ll share with you how he spoke and destroyed the English language all by himself. Maybe, you’ll find a few things amusing about how he talked back then. For example:

The word “cereal,” Jason would pronounce it, “sillio.” The name of the city, San Francisco, he would pronounce it, “Sanchez-frisco; the word “watermellon,” Jason would pronounce it, “meller-mellon.” The word “helicopter” would be pronounced, “hoptercopter.” The words “Christmas tree” would be pronounced, “mimis tree.” The words “potato chips,” would be pronounced, “chater chips.” The old television series, Startsky and Hutch, would be pronounced, Starchy and Hutch. If someone would mow the lawn, Jason would call it, “lawnmowring.” Instead, of Jason saying, “I want somehing to drink,” he would say, “Me want sompin to wink!” Jason, not only destroyed the English language, but he would make up words as he went along.

* * *

How can I look up a word in the dictionary, if I don’t know how to spell it? Webster, help me out!

* fonetic; Where did you learn to spell, Jer? The word is spelled, Phonetic; agreeing with pronouncing.

* Zerox (copy machine) : You spelled it wrong, Jer. The word is spelled, xerox.

* Filladelfia fillies: Sorry, Jer…the words are spelled, Philadelphia Phillies

* numonia; Wrong again, Jer. The word is spelled Pneumonia

* Just a reminder, Jer…your faling the speling bee. Shame on you!

* New Jersey: How is it pronounced? New Joisey. (Spell it like it sounds)

* New York; Again, how is it pronounced? New Yolk

* Spell window, Jer. In the south, it’s pronounced “winder,” so I would spell it like it sounds.

* Plummer; Wrong again, Jer. The word is spelled, “plumber.”

* Boston: In Massachusetts, the city is pronounced, “Baston.”

Have you ever visited Baston?

* Pill: in the south, the word is pronounced “peel” and spelled the same way.

* Texas; In Texas, this word is reversed and is pronounced, “Taxes.”

* Taxes: In Taxes, this word is pronounced, “Texas.”

* Door; Spell it like it sounds. In the south again, this word is pronounced, “Doe.”

Will somebody close that doe?

* Filibuster; wrong…the word is spelled Philibuster

* SLANG: Why don’t we add a little slang to the language to spice it up a bit. airhead; baby-boomer; barf; bazillion; biggie; bod; bonkers; booboo; booze; bread (money); brewsiki; shut-eye; cheesy; cool(excellent); couch potato; foxy; hunk; dorky; el cheapo; fender-bender; flaky; flick (movie); freebie; geek; go bannanas. Shake your groove-thing! It’s 10:00PM, do you know where your groove-thing is? Shake your booty. Do you have a booty to shake? Do you have a birthday suit? What’s the skinny? Put is a box. Hang it on your ear. Sit on it! You made your bed…you sleep on it!

* You don’t think the English language is screwy? Take a look in you’re medicine cabinet! Medications you cant pronounce or even right …write? omeprazoie; furosemide; metophrolol; losartan; buprepion. (P-l-e-e-z-e!) I don’t know how anyone can become a farmacist!

* Cathy; Kathy; Carol, Carole, Caroll; Gerry, Jerry; Ann, Anne, Betty, Bette, Jo, Joe; Terry, Terri; Cheryl, Sheryl; Bobby, Bobbie; Judy, Judi; Kelly, Kelli; John, Jon; Billie, Billy; (Let me see…where did I put my prozak…or is it…proxac…or is it…prozac…or is it…prosac? I’m having a nervous brakedown! Breakdown? Which is it?

* Do your own thing: In the south, it’s pronounced, “do your own thang!” So, if a person in the south spells this word as it sounds, the word “thing,” would be spelled, “thang!” Write?

Wright; right; rite; dear; deer; doe; dough…(Whew…I’m getting a headache!) Have you ever written somebody a Deer John letter? You know write from wrong, rite?

I think you can guess why Dr. McCollister didn’t accept my final paper, although the paper didn’t look like this. He’s from Arizona, and maybe he doesn’t have much of a sense of “Yuma!” (Get it?) In closing, I have only one word to summarize the English language…S—C—R—E—E—E—-E—-M!!!

The English Language Is All "Greek" To Me

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For small bathrooms, it’s hard to find the right components to make a design that works. Obviously, one of the focal points of the bath is a beautiful vanity and finding one that is small and chic (not to mention, for the right price) can be tedious. Nevertheless, I’ve come across a couple vanities that are small and absolutely breathtaking.

The vanities are made by Iotti in Italy and they come in complete sets, or you can choose which components to include. They come in many different sizes, but the smallest ones are only 17 inches wide and 9 inches deep, which needless to say, saves a lot of space! If you’d like something a little bit bigger, they also come in 19″x19″, 24″x17″, etc. There are a lot of different colors to choose from too, including Wenge, Walnut, Gray Oak, Teak, Glossy White, Glossy Black, and more.

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The sets come with a mirror or medicine cabinet, vanity lights, sinks, and a set of chrome feet (if you would prefer the vanity to be floor mounted) so you do not need to go out and look for those other things. As an option, you can also choose to add cabinets on the side. In all, these vanities have a very unique European flair. They’re small, clean, and complete and when you install these vanities, you will see that you still have plenty of room to tackle the rest of your bath. The prices are good for the quality you get, with a lot of them in the ,000 range and the smallest ones go for as little as 0!

Bath Vanities For Small Bathrooms

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Elite Home Fashions Cartwright Medicine Cabinet Bamboo Review

Elite Home Fashions Cartwright Medicine Cabinet Bamboo Feature

• Made of 80% of solid bamboo and 20% MDF board on back and drawer.

Elite Home Fashions Cartwright Medicine Cabinet Bamboo Overview

This solid bamboo Cartwright Collection is a great accent piece for any bathroom. Providing additional storage while showing off its stylish design, it will easily coordinate with any decors.

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Elite Home Fashions Chesterfield Collection Wall-Mount Medicine Cabinet with Tempered-Glass Doors, Espresso Review

Elite Home Fashions Chesterfield Collection Wall-Mount Medicine Cabinet with Tempered-Glass Doors, Espresso Feature

• Elite, windowed medicine cabinet provides enclosed shelving
• Sturdy engineered-wood construction; warm espresso finish
• Tempered, waffle-pattern glass door pulls open with double-plated knob
• Angular top molding and modern lines; minimal assembly required
• Measures 5-1/2 by 18-1/2 by 18-1/2 inches

Elite Home Fashions Chesterfield Collection Wall-Mount Medicine Cabinet with Tempered-Glass Doors, Espresso Overview

This espresso bath collection adds an attractive storage space to any bathroom. The classic pieces provide much-needed room for toiletries and towels. All pieces have double plating handles and are made from MDF. They also feature tempered glass doors.

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Zenith Products K16 Mirrored Swing Door Medicine Cabinet with Wood Frame Review

Zenith Products K16 Mirrored Swing Door Medicine Cabinet with Wood Frame Feature

• Oak finish frame
• 2 interior shelves
• Surface mount cabinet
• 15-1/4″w x 19-1/4″h x 4-3/4″d
• 2 fixed shelves

Zenith Products K16 Mirrored Swing Door Medicine Cabinet with Wood Frame Overview

Zenith K16 Swing Door Medicine Cabinet, OakZenith Corporation is Americaâs leading manufacturer of bathroom storage and organizational products for the retail market. Zenith offers a wide line of items and accessories that are both attractive and functionalZenith K16 Swing Door Medicine Cabinet, Oak Features:; Oak finish frame; Mirrored swing door; Wood body; Surface mount; 2 fixed shelves; Oak; 15-1/4″ x 19-1/4″ x 4-1/4″

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Once you know if you’re going to use softwood or hardwood for your cabinet building project, now you should get acquainted with the grades of wood and how to pick them. The many different species of wood are all cut into lumber and are graded on a scale. This scale varies from the best to the worst. The top grade (therefore the most expensive!) can be almost flawless, while the bottom grades may be virtually unusable. Each board has defects and this is how the lumber is rated.

When making cabinets, you need to decide on which grade is the lowest acceptable for your application. If a natural finish is desirable than purchase the top-grade lumber, but if you plan on painting your cabinets, you can purchase a lower grade lumber. Remember the old saying “paint makes it what it ain’t?!” Well, it’s true; paints can hide a lot of defects!

Medicine Cabinet White

If you’re going to use softwoods, which are the easiest woods to work with in making cabinets, then you’ll need to choose the appearance-graded boards. The two main grades of the appearance boards are Select (or Clear) and Common. Each of these grades also has sub-grades beneath them. The lumberyard also sells “dimension lumber”, which is graded for strength, but you probably will want to use the appearance-graded lumber. The dimension lumber is usually used in house framing because of its strength, but it is also used in woodworking where extra strength or thickness such as bookshelves is needed. Use a “Select Structural”, as this is the top of the line in this category.

If you want wood with no knots and is flawless, look for the C and better Select grade lumber. Other good choices would be Common “knotty” pine No. 2 and No.3. Watch out for Common boards marked Construction or Standard-and-Better. They would be fine for utility shelves, but you might not want them for your kitchen cabinets! For the final test, let your eye be the judge. What you see and like is what you should use.

To make matters even more complicated, some kinds of lumber species have their own grading! Typically, the Redwood and Idaho White Pine fall in this area. Redwood is categorized in this descending order of the quality of the lumber: Clear All Heart, Clear, B Grade, Select Heart, Select, Construction Heart, Construction Common, Merchantable Heart and Merchantable. Idaho White Pine is categorized in this order: Supreme, Choice, Quality, Sterling, Standard and Utility. Wow! What a selection!

If you have your heart set on using hardwoods, you should know that they’re graded a little differently than softwoods. The number of defects in a given length and width of the board are considered. The best grades are the First, Seconds and then there is a mix of these two which are called “FAS”. These boards are clear wood at least eight feet long and six inches wide.

Your eye should be the final decision on buying your lumber. You know what type of wood would look good in your kitchen or den. Remember that the wood you buy is the starting point or your project! The workmanship remains in you hands!

Guidelines for Picking and Grading Lumber for Building Cabinets

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NuTone 735M34WHG Pillar Specialty Medicine Cabinet, Single Door, Recessed Mount, Beveled Edge Mirror, 1-Inch by 36-Inch Review

NuTone 735M34WHG Pillar Specialty Medicine Cabinet, Single Door, Recessed Mount, Beveled Edge Mirror, 1-Inch by 36-Inch Feature

• Mounting: Recessed
• Overall Size: 12-Inch x 36-Inch x 4-1/2-Inch
• Wall Opening Size: 10-1/2-Inch x 34-Inch x 3-1/2-Inch
• Plastic body
• 3 Adjustable plastic shelves

NuTone 735M34WHG Pillar Specialty Medicine Cabinet, Single Door, Recessed Mount, Beveled Edge Mirror, 1-Inch by 36-Inch Overview

Broan-NuTone 735M34WHG Frameless, polished, glass shelvesBroan-NuTone 735M34WHG Frameless, polished, glass shelves Features:; Mounting: Recessed ; Overall Size: 12″ x 36″ x 4-1/2″ ; Wall Opening Size: 10-1/2″ x 34″ x 3-1/2″ ; Plastic body ; 3 Adjustable glass shelves ; Piano hinge ; Magnetic closure ; Polished edge exterior mirror ; Reversible for left or right hand opening; Single – Door Recessed Cabinets

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The Illinois coal mining boom began during the American Civil War. A farmer near Braidwood Illinois healthcare hit a rich vein of coal while he was digging a water well in 1864. During the half century following this discovery, thousands of workers migrated to Kankakee, Will, and Grundy counties to seek employment in the coal mines. A vast network of railroads was built to permit the mining companies to ship coal cheaply to the cities where rapidly-growing steel and manufacturing industries needed it. The Illinois mining industry soon came to be dominated by huge corporations such as the Chicago, Wilmington and Vermillion Coal Co., which was formed by rich Boston and Chicago investors in 1866. Boom towns like Braidwood, Coal City, and Carbon Hill sprang up as miners from Pennsylvania and other eastern states – and later, Europe – poured into them.

The miners’ lives were extremely difficult and dangerous. Miners who worked in small tunnels where they couldn’t stand up straight had to stoop to pick and shovel coal, then load it onto carts and push the carts to where mules took over. The miners worked ten hours each day, doing dirty work which frequently led them to develop Black Lung disease, or suffer crippling accidents caused by rockfalls, before there was any Coal City Illinois hospital treatment.

Medicine Cabinet White

Seventy-four coal miners died in the 1883 Diamond Mine Disaster, when water from a snow-melt flooded into the mine, drowning all the men working in the tunnel. Not only were the big mine owners indifferent to their workers’ safety, but they also had complete control over their lives. Workers had to live in homes rented from the company and were forced to buy from the company store (or lose their jobs), where prices were usually much higher than elsewhere. Miners were usually paid by the ton of coal, and the coal companies routinely cheated them by claiming there was too much rock or clay in the carts. In the nineteenth century coal was screened to separate large from small lumps, but miners were only paid for the large lumps which didn’t pass through the screen – the small lumps the company got for free. Additionally, the coal companies actively recruited miners from Europe to flood the labor market and keep wages low. Moreover, the mining industry was cyclical and subject to uncontrollable economic forces: less coal is needed (or mined) in the summer months, so coal miners were laid off for much of the year. And when the national economy went into a slump, demand for coal in industry went into a slump as well.

As a result of these abuses, miners began to form unions. The first miners’ union in the area was formed in Braidwood in 1872, and Coal City hospital thereafter. The United Mine Workers union was founded in 1890 from local unions in Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. The UMW was the first national labor union in America, which fought for and eventually won miners the eight-hour workday and minimum wage.

Illinois Coal Mining

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